Diabetes Medicines and Drugs

These drugs decrease the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates, promote their oxidation in the tissues, and also reduce conversion of fats and proteins into glucose in the liver. They reduce elevated blood glucose levels only and do not produce hypoglycemia (fall in blood glucvose levels below normal). Metformin is used alone in obese-diabetics but can be given along with sulfonylureas. Usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg to be taken thrice a day with meals (maximum 3 g in a day)

Adverse Effects: Phenformin causes abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea in 15% to 25% of cases, but with its sustained release preparation, the frequency of these adverse effects is much less. The most serious adverse effect of this drug is lactic acidosis (accumulation of lactic acid in the body) which not only causes muscular pain in the legs and difficulty in breathing, but can also prove to be fatal. The drug may also cause allergy in the form of skin rashes and itching; in rare cases it may cause allergic shock. Phenformin is rarely used in India. Metformin is a better tolerated drug and is less likely to cause lactic acidosis.

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